Luke 2:1-3 (NIV)

In those days Caesar Augustus issued a decree that a census should be taken of the entire Roman world. (This was the first census that took place while Quirinius was governor of Syria.) And everyone went to their own town to register.

Die Volkszählung zu Bethlehem (The Census at Bethlehem), 1566
Pieter Brueghel the Elder (Dutch, 1526-1569)

Detail of Mary and Joseph.

Detail of castle in the background.